Fractional thermolysis (fraxel) is a method of laser "resurfacing" of the face and body, which helps to solve the problem of old and stressful skin.
This procedure is almost as effective as a surgical prosthesis, and after thermolysis, skin cells begin to actively, as in youth, produce collagen and elastin, ie beneficial changes occur in several layers at once, and not only in the outer epidermis.
The procedure is very effective, but at the same time traumatic. It can be performed only in specialized clinics.
What is it - fractional photothermolysis, which is the essence of the method and efficiency, indications and contraindications for facial and body procedures with fraxel technology, before and after photos, consequences and reviews of laser procedures, estimated prices and which devices are used - we will try towe tell you more.
general information
Thermolysis refers to the process of structural destruction of tissues under the influence of high temperatures. The concept was created and mediated by doctors, and then put into use by cosmetologists.
And photothermolysis is also a process of thermolysis, but it is caused by exposure to light energy. It is used in cosmetology during photoepilation and laser "resurfacing" of scars and scars.
Fractional photothermolysis is a technique in which photothermolysis does not affect the entire surface of the skin, but only its individual parts. This means that we can talk about focal tissue destruction by heating with the help of laser (light) energy.
The essence of the procedure and other names
The process of fractional photothermolysis is classified as a way of negative skin stimulation, because during the session a certain type of injury is inflicted, in this case burns.
In order to achieve the expected cosmetic result, it is necessary to start the regeneration process, which regenerates the skin after damage.
Thermal burns of this type look like a "column", which is formed in the thickness of the dermis under the targeted action of laser beams. This "column" in cosmetology is called the "microscopic treatment zone", or MLZ for short.
In diameter they can not reach more than tens of millimeters: from about 0, 1 to 0, 4 mm, with a penetration depth of up to 0, 5 mm. Depending on the type of selected procedure, ten to several thousand such microtraumas can be located on one square centimeter of the surface, and the impact speed is 3000 MLZ / sec.
If we analyze the mechanism of action of fractional photothermolysis, then it is similar to mesoscooter therapy, but when using a roller, microdamages are applied mechanically using needles.
In cosmetological practice, the concept of fractional thermolysis has several commonly used synonyms:
- dermal optical thermolysis;
- DOT therapy;
- fractional laser "polishing";
- LAFT rejuvenation;
- fractional laser nanoperforation;
Ablative and non-ablative method
Laser ablation is the evaporation of a substance using a laser pulse. When using ablative fractional photothermolysis, choose a type of laser radiation whose energy is mainly absorbed by water molecules.
During the short-term impact on the localized area, the laser beam almost immediately heats the water in the tissues, up to 300C. As a result, the entire "column" evaporates, and an open-type microscopic wound is formed in its place, which is surrounded by layers of thermally coagulated cells.
After ablative photothermolysis, recovery will be much slower and longer than with the non-ablative method.
But the results of the procedure will be objectively better, and the effect of lifting will be clearer. It is best to use a course of 2 to 6 sessions. But during such procedures, the patient is exposed to a certain risk of tissue infection in the deep layers of the skin.
Non-ablative fractional thermolysis can be attributed to milder microtrauma techniques. A laser beam is used, which practically does not damage the epidermis, burns appear under it.
The destroyed tissues do not evaporate, but remain inside the "column", of course, there are no open wounds. Lifting is not as obvious as with the first ablative method, since the products of cell decay were not removed at the time of the procedure, which means that there is no effect of "tightening" the skin.
It is recommended to use courses of 3 to 10 sessions. For the patient, there is practically no risk of infection of the deep layer of the skin, because there is no violation of the integrity of the surface.
Indications, effect
Indications for naming a procedure using Fraxel technology can be the following reasons:
- the need to stimulate withered and aged skin;
- treatment of pigmented / depigmented lesions;
- removal of scars, post-acne and small scars;
- the need to remove stretch marks.
Not suitable for removing keloid formations.
Benefits
How is this method different from the classic laser "polishing"? In the traditional approach, the burn covers a large area, and in the fractional exposure it has the character of localized and punctate.
There are spaces between the burns with intact skin, which makes photothermolysis less traumatic and speeds up the healing time.
The method is suitable for treating any part of the body, but in most cases it is used for the face. When using Fraxel technology, the beautician can even work with the skin on the eyelids.
The feature of this optical thermolysis of the dermis is the innovative design of the DOT device itself, which allows to avoid missing skin areas or overlapping one zone to another.
Mechanism of action
At the preliminary consultations, the cosmetologist determines the goals that the client wants to achieve, discovers possible contraindications for the procedure, discusses the possible results and their compliance with the client's expectations.
The doctor will certainly specify the risks and development of post-procedural complications, as well as how his skin develops after undergoing photothermolysis.
It is necessary to discuss in advance and choose the appropriate method of pain relief, and the client must certainly report allergic reactions to medications, if any.
A few hours before the session, a surface peeling is performed, the purpose of which is to even out the thickness of the stratum corneum.
During the operation, the patient may feel moderate pain and discomfort. Their weight can in no way depend on the model of appliance used. The level of pain is based on the depth and intensity of the laser beam, and these parameters are determined by the specialist himself, focusing on therapeutic goals.
The more neglected the problem, the deeper layers need to be captured.
But ordinary creams with anesthetic effect are usually used as anesthetics, which are applied to work areas no more than 40 minutes before the start of the session.
During the session, the cosmetologist moves the nozzle over the surface, which emits a targeted laser beam. If such a need arises, then the same area is treated more than once within the same procedure.
Duration is from 15 minutes to 1 hour. It all depends on how much the skin is treated. Upon completion of fractional photothermolysis, a soothing cream is applied to the "polished" surface.
To achieve the desired result, it is necessary to conduct a course of several procedures - from 3 to 10, depending on the type of presentation chosen. You can have a session once a month.
Recommendations (training and rehabilitation)
A few days before the scheduled procedure, the patient should start prophylactic treatment with antibiotics and antiviral drugs. Of course, if there is objective evidence for that.
On the day when fractional photothermolysis occurs, the person should avoid alcohol and completely refrain from any sports.
After non-ablative photothermolysis, the recovery process lasts up to three days, after ablation - at least a week.
If the "polishing" was based on ablation, then the patient will have redness of the skin, swelling, tingling and discomfort for a few more days.
After consulting a specialist, you can apply cooling pads or apply local analgesics on the skin, available in the form of a spray.
After at least three days, the color of the "polished" dermis may change slightly. For example, it can become pseudo-tanned, due to increased decomposition of pigment residues from previously necrotic cells.
Dryness, peeling will occur, and the person may even feel itchy for a short time. All of these manifestations are not dangerous and will go away on their own in about a week. Itching of itchy skin is strictly forbidden!
In order for rehabilitation after fraxel to pass without complications, it is necessary to follow a few basic recommendations:
- you must take care of your skin and be sure to apply the recommended external products. In most cases, these are medications prescribed to treat thermal burns and moisturizing sprays;
- the crust that forms on the surface as the wounds heal should not be removed artificially, only natural waste;
- if the patient was taking antimicrobial and antiviral drugs before the procedure, then their course should be continued according to the instructions;
- in order to avoid hyperpigmentation, the treated skin should be isolated from direct sunlight for a period of at least one month. Usually use sunscreen with SPF 40+;
- the use of peels and other mechanical skin cleansing methods is prohibited during the entire recovery period.
Possible side effects and complications
Despite the fact that fractional photothermolysis is one of the most modern and safest methods, it also has a number of side effects:
- bacterial infection, development of streptoderma or staphyloderma;
- erythema lasting more than three days;
- edema on the surface of the treated skin lasting more than two days;
- hyperpigmentation in the postinflammatory period;
- appearance of blisters from burns, erosive cracks;
- exacerbation of HSV1 or acne;
- microscopic bleeding under the skin.
Contraindications (general and local)
Fractional photothermolysis is not performed with the following general contraindications:
- oncological tumors;
- breastfeeding period;
- HSV1 and HSV2 in the acute phase;
- infectious diseases;
- chronic diseases in the manifestation phase;
- diabetes mellitus of any kind;
- defects and insufficiency of the cardiovascular system;
- disorders of the hematopoietic system, poor blood clotting;
- the presence of autoimmune diseases;
- tendency to form deep scars of the keloid type;
- status epilepticus or convulsive syndrome;
- mental deviations;
- taking isotretinoin for six months;
- a recent tan or a visit to the solarium.
And the following local contraindications:
- all inflammatory processes localized in the intended work area;
- impaired skin integrity;
- all neoplasms of unknown origin;
- dry cleaning of the skin or any other procedure that may damage the skin.
Where and on which devices it is performed, approximate prices
The cost of one fraxel procedure depends on the treated area, so the estimated cost of fractional laser resurfacing varies.
Only qualified specialists can conduct photothermolysis sessions in a cosmetology hospital.
Appliances with CO2 or erbium laser are used for the fraxel rejuvenation process. Ordinary beauty salons generally do not have the necessary equipment or trained staff.
The use of lasers for cosmetic purposes is still controversial. But in any case, procedures based on the action of a laser beam are among the most popular, efficient and safe.
Reviews
We invite you to read several reviews on fractional laser facial skin rejuvenation:
- First review: "I am 35 years old. Went to 2 fractional photothermolysis sessions. The second visit took place 30 days after the first visit. As a result, I noticed that my pores, usually slightly enlarged, tightened, and the skin on my forehead and cheeks began to look much more even. I was satisfied. The only thing that made me uncomfortable was the peeling that appeared after the second visit. But he disappeared without a trace after three days. Now I look in the mirror and enjoy my face. "
- Another review: "I want to tell you my impression of this method, because I felt a positive result. After three procedures, I noticed that my face became lighter, pigment spots on certain parts of my face brightened, the scars began to stand out less, and my skin tightened. These changes did not happen all at once, but gradually. After about 4 months I started to look 5-6 years younger than my years. I advise everyone who takes care of themselves to try this wonderful thing.
- Third review: "I was very afraid of such actions, believing that they have more unwanted consequences than pluses. However, when the first wrinkles appeared, the idea of "magical skin transformation" began to come to my mind more and more often. So I decided to do a photothermolysis session. There were mildly painful, but bearable sensations. After a while, joyful changes on the face became visible: wrinkles around the eyes smoothed out, the complexion became lighter, the contour was tightened. Overall, I liked the effect. I will use this procedure again if necessary.
- Fourth review: "I consider this method irreplaceable for every woman who wants to stay young and attractive. I discovered something new for myself and was immensely pleased. There are many positive moments and they all reflected on my face: fine wrinkles and pigmentation have disappeared, the skin is not so flabby, it is less inflamed, and most importantly, I love myself much more. I want to advise everyone to love themselves, do not skimp on their beauty and use effective procedures to maintain youth.